Monday, November 30, 2009

Dots On Pregnancy Test Pregnant?

Nostalgia Topo Gigio? Pinocchio a consolation

We sent a new contribution to medical journals and Child that readers of our blog to read now, downloading the pdf file from this URL: http://tinyurl.com/gigiopinocchio
The title is quite long:
Nostalgia Topo Gigio? Pinocchio a consolation
analysis "documents" (30 November 2009) of the Italian response to the pandemic


do not yet know whether this intervention will be accepted for publication by the journal. But we are sure that our readers will help us to spread it, with the discretion that always ask, among their friends and doctors.
This intervention, however, should also be of interest to professional communicators (journalists, teachers at all levels) but also scholars of our society (media experts, sociologists, economists, historians).
should also be of interest to professional politicians, if the policy is still interested in what happens in society.
should be of interest to scientific societies, the companies may have in Italy is still a real scientific interest.
In fact it should mainly be of interest to ordinary people.
We wrote it with a goal of helping to understand what is happening these days around the swine flu: the mixed messages of the media, the incomprehensible difference of opinion is recorded in "opinions" of doctors, the confusion "well orchestrated "the messages of "autorità", il ruolo di quelli che abbiamo chiamato, già in tante occasioni in questo blog, "esperti di corte" e di quelli che abbiamo chiamato, in altre occasioni, "esperti antagonisti". Il lavoro che abbiamo realizzato è quello di due medici che fanno parte di una iniziativa che, fin dall'inizio, si è "schierata" a favore della ineludibile necessità di una vaccinazione di massa contro il virus pandemico. Abbiamo però cercato di realizzare la nostra analisi con onestà intellettuale e rigore scientifico. Ovviamente sono adesso i lettori che dovranno giudicare la bontà di quel che abbiamo prodotto. Speriamo di ricevere molti commenti, anzi vi saremmo grati di un vostro commento (sul Blog, sulle nostre pagine Facebook or by email). In a society like ours, where everything has a commercial value, this is a great price ... we ask you to pay:
not only have the patience to read but also write and send us your feedback. Thanks
Pippo Bruno, Salvo Fedele
In the sidebar (top right) will find the current list of posts related to this article
How to cite this article?
This article has a permanent URL (Permalink): http://tinyurl.com/gigiopinocchio
To quote him correctly after the authors' names can be used to replace the permalink URL of the Blog:
Bruno P, S Fedele: Nostalgia Topo Gigio? Pinocchio a consolation
analysis "documented" 30 November 2009 by the Italian response to the pandemic
Preview drafting WEBM.org; 2009; 30/11: http://tinyurl.com/gigiopinocchio

Notes
This paper was written thanks to the contributions and criticisms of the majority of participants in the initiative WEBM.org "Influenza A H1N1 and pandemic."
especially thank Matilde Castiglione, Enrico Corpora, Giuseppe De Santes, Rosario Ferracane, Paul Fiammengo, Caterina Lo Presti, Maria Grazia Lunetta, Daniela Vernaccini, Maria Luisa Zuccolo for the contribution of ideas, analysis of the sources and the patient work revision of the text.

Conflict of interest The authors declare "their" conflict of interest are part of the Italian National Health Service and as such committed to disclose, with intellectual honesty and rigor Scientific, effectiveness and necessity of vaccination for il virus pandemico A H1N1 swl.
Precedenti contributi inviati a Medico e Bambino
da parte di partecipanti all'iniziativa WEBM.org:
1) S. Fedele, P. Bruno: L'influenza suina
Medico e Bambino 2009;9:558-559 http://tinyurl.com/mb11webmorg
2) D. Alessi et al: Medico e Bambino e la Pandemia
anteprima redazionale WEBM.org 2009;19/11: http://tinyurl.com/mb11rwebmorg
si veda anche il post di presentazione a questo link

Sunday, November 29, 2009

Gross Profit Templates

What meaning can it have the mutation of the hemagglutinin

On 20 November 2009, the Norwegian Institute of Health has informed the 'WHO the finding of a mutation of the virus H1N1swl in three cases of severe pneumonia. This is the replacement of an amino acid nell'emoagglutinina (H1), which has glycine at position 225 instead of aspartic acid.
In reality, this mutation had been reported since the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil, China, Japan, Mexico, Ukraine and the USA in both clinical forms of mild to severe.
The cases so far reported are sporadic, not linked epidemiologically to one another. Following that report, the National Institute of Health, the revalued sequenze di 100 virus identificati in Italia , l'ha riscontrata in un solo paziente, affetto da una grave forma di polmonite risoltasi dopo ricovero in terapia intensiva e trattamento con ECMO.
Il reale impatto e significato clinico di questa mutazione è difficile da comprendere, attualmente si può ipotizzare, sulla base di precedenti studi sui virus influenzali, che l'emoagglutinina (H1) virale mutata abbia una maggiore capacità di attacco sui recettori delle basse vie respiratorie, recettori selettivamente attaccati dai virus aviari.
Da studi effettuati su virus influenzali stagionali, pandemici e aviari isolati dal 1918 ad oggi emerge anche l'ipotesi che tale mutazione riduca la trasmissione inter-umana con le gocce tract, it seems not to cause a selective advantage for the virus.
There were no changes in the amino acid sequence of the hemagglutinin antigenic determinants, so that this mutation does not change the affinity for the virus of anti-H stimulated by the vaccine.
The mutated virus remains sensitive to zanamivir and oseltamivir, antivirals that act by inhibiting the action of neuraminidase (N1) protein under the control of another gene of the virus.
The ability to bind to cellular receptors, however, characterized the virus H1N1swl, as evidenced by a study published by Childs in September 2009 in Nature Biotehnology. ll professor Shefa Zaki, pathologist of the CDC, analyzed more than 100 samples of autopsy subjects who died inflluenza Pandemic confirmed and found the virus in the cells to a greater extent even than the findings from the cases studied died of H5N1 virus infection. Zaki analyzed to compare the paintings of bird flu infections in immunocompromised to cortisone treatment.
One word about the expected changes of the virus
monitoring genetic sequences of virus isolates is justified by the high probability of mutations that is expected of the influenza virus, more than 1% of the genome of the influenza virus changes every year. Some mutations
expectations related to an increase in pathogenicity of the virus have not yet been identified, such as the release of the stop codon of the PB1-F2 gene , the killer protein, while the E627K mutation of the PB2 , which allows for optimal replication of the virus at 33 ° C (temperature human nose in winter) has already been reported in some cases.
The mutation of the gene for neuraminidase (N1), resulting in substitution of tyrosine in position 274 with histidine is responsible for the acquisition of resistance to oseltamivir (Tamiflu), which has already been reported sporadically. Resistant viruses were isolated mainly in prophylaxis in individuals at risk, it is assumed that the antiviral maintained low dose in the course of infection was not conducive to the block in viral load that any virus with the mutation may continue to replicate and infect the body.

Another exception concerns the replenishment (shift) of the virus with a virus with the seasonal or avian virus H5N1, is a possible event even more rare than the mutation. Reassortment with the emergence of a pandemic virus, which maintains that high diffusibility human to human, is even less likely, is an event that historically has occurred only three times in the last century. Professor Bruno Lina
, a French virologist, was able to get a reassortment between the two viruses H1N1, lo stagionale e il pandemico, inoculandoli in coltura di cellule e sta studiando la patogenicità e trasmissibilità nei topi di questo virus. Non è riuscito invece ad ottenere un riassortimento del virus pandemico con il virus H5N1, esperimento che aveva già provato senza successo con i virus stagionali.

Aggiungo per chi ha curiosità di sapere qualcosa ancora sulla mutazione segnalata

Gli aminoacidi in posizione 225 e 190 sono i principali determinanti dell'affinità del legame tra proteina virale H e recettore della membrana cellulare da infettare; differenti in virus influenzali di diverse specie.
L'acido sialico costituisce the end of the cellular receptor to which it attacks the influenza virus.
in human cell membranes, there are two types of sialic acid depending on whether this is linked to carbon in position 2 or 6 of galactose. The bond alpha (2.6) predominates in cells of the upper respiratory tract while the alpha (2.3) predominates in non-ciliated bronchiolar cells and alveolar type II cells. The sialic acid alpha (2.3) in birds predominate in the intestinal cells. Pig tracheal epithelial cells have both receptors, which is why it is assumed that the genetic reassortment between different species may be more likely in these animals, but also the two coexist in the lungs of man receptors.
H The avian virus has selective affinity for the receptor sialic acid-linked alpha (2.3). The H
human virus has selective affinity for the one with the sialic acid-linked alpha (2.6)
This seems to depend on different affinity dall'aminoacido in this position 225 of the H protein, is present in avian viruses glycine ( G), prevail in the human viruses aspartic acid (D). The current pandemic influenza virus has Asp225 (marked as D225), except for a few sporadic isolates reported during three severe cases in Norway.
Studies in 2006 on the 1918 influenza virus extracted from biopsy specimens, have shown that the virus A / South Carolina/1918, which has aspartic acid at position 225 (Asp225), only has an affinity for the receptors alpha (2.6), while the virus that has A/NewYork/1918 glycine (Gly225) has affinity for both receptors. The classical strains of avian origin have glycine in position 225 (Gly225) H. exclusively but have selective affinity for the receptor alpha (2.3), the non-affinity receptor alpha (2.6) seems determined by the presence of glutamine in position 190 (Glu190) instead of Asp190 present in the human viruses.
The ability to bind to receptors alpha (2.6) is an indispensable factor for a good transmissibility of the virus by air, with respiratory droplets. The avian virus, then with Glu190 and Gly225 in H, with only selective receptor alpha (2.3) are not able to be transmitted by respiratory droplets. The NY1918 human virus that had affinity for both receptor alpha (2.6) than for alpha (2.3) has a transmission capacity inefficiently. The SC1918
human virus that had affinity only for the receptor alpha (2.6) has an effective transmission capacity.
The H with increased affinity for alpha (2.3) would increase the aggressiveness of the virus but also lead to a reduction in transmission capacity. It seems, therefore, a mutation that no advantage selettivi del virus.

Maria Grazia Lunetta

Bibliografia:
- Childs RA et al. Receptor-binding specificity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus determined by carbohydrate microarray. Nature Biotechnology 2009;27:797
- Brendan Maher B et al. Swine flu: One killer virus, three key questions. Nature 462, 154-157 (2009)
- Vincent Racaniello. The D225G change in 2009 H1N1 influenza virus is not a concern. Virology Blog:24 November 2009
- Vincent Racaniello. Influenza virus attachment to cells: role of different sialic acids. Virology Blog: 5 May 2009
- Stevens J et al. Glycan microarray analysis of the hemagglutinins from modern and pandemic influenza viruses reveals different receptor specificities . J Mol Biol. 2006 Feb 3;355(5):1143-55 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16343533
- Revere. Trying to understand the Norwegian swine flu mutations . Effect Measure: November 21, 2009

Saturday, November 28, 2009

Laura Gemser Stream Vid

CDC: e.card on prevention of influenza



In queste 3 pagine del sito del CDC ci sono delle e.card dedicate alla vaccinazione anti-influenza pandemica. Alcune un po' troppo "americane" (capodanno, festa del papà, halloween, compleanno) ma guardate che eleganti e comunicative quelle che invitano a vaccinare i soggetti a rischio e i contatti: lattanti sotto i 6 mesi, diabetici, donna in gravidanza, persone con diabete, cancro.
Intanto ogni giorno in ambulatorio continuo a incontrare almeno un genitore a cui individualmente il ginecologo, l'oncologo, il senologo, il diabetologo ha sconsigliato "questo vaccino", senza nemmeno entrare nel merito.



Maria Grazia Lunetta

Friday, November 27, 2009

Wil Aeron Chair Fit In Car?

WHO: influenza A/H1N1 vaccine safety briefing

Fonte WHO
Safety of pandemic vaccines

L'OMS sulla base delle informazioni ricevute dalle autorità sanitarie nazionali stima che circa 65 milioni di persone sono state vaccinate per l'influenza A/H1N1. Tenuto conto di questa "scala" di somministrazione del vaccino, tra the other with an increasing trend, briefing published last Nov. 19 stressing the need for safety monitoring.
anecdotal evidence suggests, as expected, that the side effects commonly reported include swelling, redness or pain at the injection site, which usually resolves spontaneously soon after vaccination.
have been reported, albeit less frequently, including fever, headache, fatigue and muscle pain, occurring after vaccine administration and usually resolve spontaneously within 48 hours.
addition, the variety of allergic reactions observed is well within the range expected.
To date, less than ten suspected cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome have been reported in patients who received the vaccine. These numbers are consistent with background rates (background rates) normal of this disease, as reported in a recent study (see article editorial). However, these cases are under investigation to determine if these events occur randomly or can be associated with vaccination and that is why the WHO recommends continuous monitoring.
A small number of deaths occurred in people who have been vaccinated. All these deaths, the WHO reports were promptly considered. Although some investigations are ongoing, the results of investigations made have ruled out a direct link the pandemic vaccine.
In China, for example, where more than 11 million doses of pandemic vaccine have been administered, health authorities were informed of 15 cases of serious side effects and two deaths that occurred after vaccination. A thorough investigation of these deaths, including a review of the results of the autopsy, determined that the cause of death were underlying medical conditions and not the vaccine.

Safety profile of different vaccines
during the fishing season you use different types of vaccine (inactivated and adjuvanted live attenuated vaccines is not) but for these adverse events, the WHO states that have not been recognized until now differences in the profile security between the different vaccines.
Although the safety monitoring continues, all data collected to date indicate that vaccines against the pandemic have an excellent safety profile as those used against seasonal influenza for more than 60 years.

Briefing Updates (WHO-GAR)
Pippo
Bruno Joseph Bruno an article of Danielle Ofri appeared in the NEJM on November 25
Bella analysis of the history of the perception of emotional swineflu USA, where fear, impatient with the request for a solution (the vaccine), has now passed to a suspected contagious. At the emergence of a new disease, mysterious, in a third-world city that so insidious and uncontrolled spread in the "civilized" world has led to panic. In late summer has established a sort of emotional tolerance, decreased anxiety. All this for no good medical reason, indeed, the atypical and seasonal distribution of risk groups was to increase concerns. Maria Grazia Lunetta

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Memory On Wedding Program

Emotional Epidemiology of H1N1 Influenza Vaccination: Suspicion has ITS own contagion Coca

Dear friends and readers of this blog. We set ourselves the hard and fast rules in this Blog. This is an exception. The link is not ready. Missing references, but in the meantime this draft would like to post them now for sharing. I wrote in one go and I want you to read what I wrote in one go without useful turns of phrase. Read and return in prossimi giorni: troverete tutte le voci bibliografiche e i link di questo post.

ultimo aggiornamento di questo post: ore 0,15 del 25 Novembre 2009


Salvo Fedele
46a settimana: anteprima della
pandemia light Quanto è successo nella terza settimana di novembre (46a settimana) è inverosimile: un autore di un libro di fantascienza non potrebbe far di meglio. Questa invece è l'Italia di cui potrete prendere visione sui giornali di questi giorni Siamo appena alla quarta settimana di sorveglianza, l’ANSA in un lancio di agenzia riprende un convegno della rete Epiwork. (link) We talk about the world situation. The title of the launch: "The worst is over." Immediately after bulletin FluNews writes "the value of current incidence is probably reaching the epidemic peak." (Links and bibliography)
All major national newspapers take up the news: "We have reached the peak, the worst is over" (Link) (Link) All based on these simple facts: - ILI in the band ages 0-4 years reached 28.14 cases per thousand, in the age group 5-14 years reached 40.78 per thousand
- ILI in the age group 15-65 years there are virtually moved from previous weeks: 7.65 for 7.29 per thousand against one thousand.
is unaware of three or four epidemiological criteria in addition to the basic epidemiological criteria that can correctly interpret the order pandemic: the concomitant increase in all age groups of ILI. (Biblio)
Italy can then pull really a sigh of relief?
Some people with "timeliness" anticipates its editorial of December on a blog (link), sanctioning the official closing of the pandemic in Italy to December 1, 2009. Other
(link) (link) go as more "complex" to declare "it's over now, what would be vaccinated?"
(never heard of the possibility of a pandemic wave number> 1?)

.

backdrop to all this rubbish of the statements that follow the WHO after allegations by the Polish Minister of Health, junk that totally ignores the tragedy of Poland, the birth of "tourism vaccination" of the Poles toward the wealthy neighboring Hungary (where the national vaccine production can be purchased in a pharmacy to 7 euros), the difficulties of this nation bordering Ukraine, el'ormai inevitable birth of a black market for vaccines, with all the consequences that everyone will have difficult to imagine.

In fact, As is well known by all the texts of the basic epidemiology, the pandemic could not end up with an interest of less than 5% of the population, as easily obtainable by using some simple arithmetic function:

- The cases reported by the Ministry are little more than two million, given that it is in fact most of ILI A H1N1 is not even at the highest level found in European countries (30% in UK): in everything and in reality no more than 600 000 cases (i)

- 600 000 cases to a peak, the characteristic curves of Gauss where the average is also the median and fashionable should correspond to about half of the wave pandemic




- 600,000 for two is equal to 1,200,000 - Admitting the existence of curves "Gauss abnormal," to meet the desires of people who all close to 1 December 2009, we can go so far as to declare the end of pandemic on the basis of a single suspected pandemic wave affecting only 4 million people throughout the country? - It does not take long to realize that it can not be over and that a pandemic can not have a protective effect on mortality from seasonal influenza ...

What should we hope?


A pandemic every year to limit the damage of the season?


- In the long run-up the real pandemic wave (described in all texts of epidemiology as a feature of all pandemics), there was already a significant mortality and the Case Fatality Rate can now be estimated at a minimum level of 0.1% (mean 0 , 6% range from 0.1 to 5.1 depending on the country) (bibliography and links)
There was also a significant increase in hospitalizations from A H1N1 in Europe, with the expected overhead for the resuscitations.
a mortality of 0.1% for a wave pandemic that affects 15% of the Italian population is equivalent to more than 10,000 deaths.

a mortality of 0.02% (link to: ECDC current estimate obtained by accumulating data di sorveglianza di tutta Europa e cioè dando credito anche a quelli italiani!) equivale a 2000 morti.

Che cosa si aspettano i cultori della

pandemia che non c’è e quelli della
pandemia light
che questi numeri verranno fuori dai comunicati che compaiono sui giornali?

Ci vorranno anni per calcolare l’eccesso di mortalità imputabile a quello che sta succedendo in questi giorni e ancora deve succedere.

Dopo la pandemia
light
che cosa si inventeranno?


Aspettiamo fiduciosi l'avvento della pandemia zero !

47th week: preview ...
Dumb! The pandemic is zero 47 weeks, what we are experiencing: the pandemic is probably gone by the Italian media?

Tuesday, November 24, 2009

Secret Of Indian Big Boobs

Cola or pandemic?

by
BBC News, 24 November 2009
access
Maria Grazia Lunetta

How To Beat The Levelin Supertux

swine flu patients hospitalized with and without underlying disease

In Italy, mortality from influenza in an often undecipherable, never bring real data and official statistics or even externalizing unnecessary "duplication" of data, including seasonal influenza and pandemic influenza. try to go beyond the numbers up by our opinion makers and experts of "statistical media" and see what are the systems that we permetttono to assess mortality trends and possible scenarios of the "influences".
statistics of mortality and ICD classification systems Istat through the investigation of the causes of death detects all deaths in our country of the overall population. The survey is made through the use of models and ISTAT ISTAT D.4 D.5 (details of death beyond the first year of life for male and female), ISTAT and ISTAT D.5 D.4 bis bis (details of death in the first year of life for male and female).
in official statistics refers to the "root cause", ie the disease or traumatic event that, through any intermediate complications or disease states has led to the death and will follow the rules set by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD ICD-10 online
The mortality statistics are compiled from information contained in the ISTAT attributing each death to a single cause.
If the certificate is given a single morbid condition, questa sarà la causa di morte ed il processo di codifica sarà una traduzione della descrizione della condizione morbosa in codice.
Se sul certificato sono riportate più condizioni morbose, si tratta di applicare un algoritmo decisionale per individuare un’unica causa di morte ed il processo di codifica consisterà in una serie di passaggi decisionali standardizzati (algoritmo) che conducono all’attribuzione del decesso ad un’unica causa di morte. Per questa standardizzazione l'OMS raccomanda di utilizzare le tavole decisionali "ACME" pubblicate dal CDC.

ACME

I processi di revisione della classificazione previsti all'incirca con cadenze decennali, hanno determinato l'introduzione di nuove condizioni morbose, con un numero di codici quasi doppio rispetto alla precedente classificazione (ICD9), e una discontinuità formale generata dal passaggio da codici numerici a codici alfanumerici (ICD10).
A partire dal 2000, a livello internazionale le statistiche di mortalità sono ormai prodotte utilizzando la classificazione ICD10 in numerosi paesi. In Italia l'ISTAT ha utilizzato la classificazione ICD9 per la mortalità fino all'anno 2002, mentre utilizza ICD10 a partire dai decessi dall'anno 2003.
Di questa continua evoluzione bisogna tener conto per analizzare i dati di mortalità relativi all'influenza stagionale nel nostro paese.
Con i precedenti sistemi di classificazione (ICD9 and ICD8) mortality data for influenza in Italy from 1969 to 2001 were collected over the years, many studies, combining the codes for "pneumonia and influenza" (for ICD9 codes 480-487 and 470-474 for ICD8).
So let's look at the mortality tables

Istat (the most recent 2006), the "real" data for classification ICD10 concerning mortality "pneumonia and influenza (codes J10-J18).
Istat (1) gives the absolute number of deaths due to age, etc., in the form of text files that must be reworked.
From these data broken down by age (Table 1 males and females Table 2, etc.) it is confirmed that the mortality l'influenza stagionale riguarda prevalentemente la popolazione anziana (i 7047 morti rappresentano lo 0,012% della mortalità generale per l'anno 2006).
Tassi di mortalità e statistiche storiche

I dati di mortalità sotto forma di tassi sono invece pubblicati storicamente dall'ISS (rapporti Istisan) e sono disponibili per una analisi storica a partire dal 1969. I tassi di mortalità (grezzi e standardizzati) rappresentano gli indicatori epidemiologici più utili per analizzare la mortalità per cause in una popolazione, ma sono resi disponibili attualmente fino al 2002 sulla banca dati dell'ISS mentre gli ultimi dati Istat (stime preliminari aggregate per grandi gruppi) arrivano al 2007.


ISS Database



Dataset Istat
From this database it is clear that influenza mortality rates, calculated as the ratio of deaths per 100,000 population and the ISS (the latest figures for 1000 Istat) are varied to little over the years.




click to enlarge



monitoring systems rapid mortality
addition to the "rates" in the study is considered very useful to consider also the influence of excess mortality, calculated as difference between the number of deaths observed and the base value expected in the absence of influence.

A livello internazionale questo modello di analisi ha permesso anche di realizzare una efficace valutazione rapida dell'andamento della mortalità (
Fluview CDC ). Negli USA infatti per il "monitoraggio rapido" della mortalità da influenza si utilizzano due sistemi:
Reporting System – Viene valutato sul numero totale dei certificati di morte ricevuti da 122 città per gruppi di età, il numero di quelli in cui la polmonite o l’influenza vengono indicate come la causa di morte. La percentuale di tutti i decessi per polmonite e influenza (P & I) viene poi confrontata per ogni settimana con una valore soglia, calcolato utilizzando i dati di mortalità degli past five years. The observed proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia or influenza was significantly higher than expected, when the "epidemic threshold" is exceeded.

Surveillance for Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality We have already commented in previous articles some of these graphs that effectively communicate the data associated pediatric mortality from pandemic influenza in progress. This monitoring system was used in the U.S. since 2004. All cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza and mortality in children are associated with reported to the surveillance system (Mortality Surveillance System).




A "quick estimate" of the trend of mortality is therefore part of the monitoring carried out in other countries, as we have seen that avoid the use of "denominations" (the number of flu cases, for example .. .'s all moot without validation). Overestimating or underestimating the "population" (denominator) which relate to the "events" will "vary" the very fact of the estimates and the reality.


analysis of historical data on the "influences" in Italy In Italy
according to some studies (ISS, University) are known historical data on excess mortality "for 32 influenza seasons studied, excess deaths were an average of 3 per 100,000 inhabitants in the years to a total of approximately 57,243 deaths caused by "pneumonia and influenza" (average 1,789 per season) "(3).




As for the possible scenarios for pandemic influenza mortality in the same study published by the CDC (3) and the relationship Istisan (4) of the same Institute of Health, have been highlighted some important data. E 'has been estimated that in Italy, in the 1918-1920 influenza has caused about 300,000 deaths, with a higher mortality than in the rest of Europe (5), in 1957-1958, excess deaths from respiratory causes seem to have been about 5,000 (6, 7), while in 1969-1970 there was an excess mortality of 20,000 deaths from pneumonia and influenza. During the pandemic of 1969-70 the excess mortality has also been:
7 times higher in the age group 0-14 years
4 times higher in people aged 15-64
2 times higher in the elderly ≥ 65
years analyzing all the data the authors (3) Check that the high rate of excess mortality in 1969 was three times higher than that of the United States and 1 times higher than in other European countries and prospects can end in Italy have to deal with increased mortality (very more pronounced between 0-64 years) in a subsequent pandemic.
Compared to the current pandemic influenza we know for months that this is recorded in the international situation prevailing mortality among young adults and children in the age group under 65 years and it is important to observe the real situation, dropping the "simple" calculations " Statistical media. "

Estimation of mortality during a pandemic To define the severity of illness and mortality during an epidemic or pandemic has been used by international institutions (8), the case fatality rate (CFR), the percentage of individuals who die every 100 confirmed cases, from Not to be confused with the mortality rate of a disease that is defined as the number of deaths per 100,000 population.

For example, if a population of 100,000 people in 20 are suffering from disease X, and a die 18 years, we have:

Mortality Rate = 18 / 100,000 = 0.00018 = 0,018%

FATALITY RATE = 18 / 20 = 0.9 = 90%






The Case fatality rate is an important epidemiological indicator combined with the attack rate (attack rate) is used to estimate the expected mortality for the current pandemic.



by NHS: Pandemic Influenza Weekly Situation Report - Planning assumptions - potential number of deaths

A common frame of reference of the overall 0.6% was calculated based on deaths registered around the world and analyzed by a team of August 2009. In the study published by Eurosurveillance (9) the CFR according to the country ranged from 0.1 to 5.1%. In Europe, the first affected country (United Kingdom), the observed rate was 0.3%, not much different from that estimated in previous studies.



When the CFR for industrialized countries fluctuates around 0.02% (20% Attack rate estimated ECDC updated 06/11/2009), but everything always depends on the quality of health care interventions and systems put in place .


Sistema di codifica della mortalità per Influenza e Polmonite
Ma in questa breve analisi vogliamo evidenziare un ulteriore elemento che deve essere preso in considerazione. Nell'aggiornamento della classificazione ICD10 sono inserite altre cause di morte, a cominciare dalla "Adult respiratory distress syndrome" (codice J80), che come abbiamo scritto rappresenta una delle complicanze più evidenti dell'influenza pandemica e motivo di ricovero nelle terapie intensive.
A guardare le stesse tavole Istat risulta chiaro che le statistiche degli anni precedenti non hanno mai "evidenziato" i dati relativi a questa causa di mortalità, ma per i decessi correlati all'influenza A/H1N1 si dovranno considerare anche questi "eventi negativi".


Conclusioni
Bisognerà dunque partire da questo tipo di dati, per definire in maniera comprensibile e misurabile "l'eccesso di mortalità" che potrà determinare l'attuale influenza pandemica. Gli scenari in corso in termini di mortalità necessitano però di essere valutati dimostrando meno "indiffirenza" e approssimazione. L' analisi dei "numeri", non deve far dimenticare che stiamo parlando di morti si misurabili ma anche evitabili, di una popolazione di bambini, giovani e adulti soprattutto under 65 con una lunga aspettativa e speranza di vita, che può essere tutelata con alcuni essenziali interventi di prevenzione... si chiama vaccination.
Rather than press releases we need to "information flow" to the occasion, also in terms of rapid surveillance "(

sr). The last round
be enough?

PS

Another round

Pippo Bruno



Bibliography and Links
Bibliography 1. Preliminary estimates of mortality by cause in the Italian regions
Year 2006. Istat
2.
The Impact of Influenza Epidemics on Mortality: Introducing a Severity Index Lone Simonsen, Matthew J. Clarke, G. David Williamson, DonnaF.Stroup, NancyH.Arden and LawrenceB.Schonberger
3.
Trends for Influenza-related Deaths During Pandemic and Epidemic Seasons, Italy, 1969-2001
Caterina Rizzo, Antonino Bella, Cécile Viboud, Lone Simonsen, Mark A. Miller, Maria Cristina Rota, Stefania Salmaso, Marta Luisa Ciofi and Acts. Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Rome, Italy, University of Bari, Italy, and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
4.
Scenarios of diffusion and control of an influenza pandemic in Italy

EPIC Working Group. ISSN 1123-3117 Rapporti ISTISAN 06/33
5.
Mortality peaks in Italy in the late 19th and early 20th Centuries: trends by age and sex Pinnelli A, Mancini P. - Eur J Popul 1999;14(4):333-65.
6.
Epidemiological evaluation of influenza in Italy Rocchi G, Ragona G, de Felici A, Muzzi A. - Bull World Health Organ 1974;50(5):401-6.
7.
Excess mortality from influenza in a large urban population Ragona G, Giunchi G, Rocchi G, Muzzi A, de Felici A. Rome, Italy, 1956-76. J Hyg 1978;80(2):249-57.
8.
ECDC Risk Assessment aggiornamento 6.11.09 9.
Epidemiology of fatal cases associated with pandemic H1N1 influenza 2009
Eurosurveillance, Volume 14, Issue 33, 20 August 2009
Link
WHO mortality

WHO ICD
ICD-10 on line
ACME
European Health for All
(HFA-DB)

Istat demo
Tavole di mortalità Istat
Istat indicatori socio-sanitari
Istat ICD-10
Banca dati ISS
Dataset Istat
Fluview
Istat istruzioni per la compilazione scheda di morte
(2009) Sorveglianza delle ospedalizzazioni, delle forme gravi e complicate e dei decessi... Circolare 19 novembre 2009
Circolare 26 novembre 2009
La rilevazione delle cause di morte per la sanità pubblica e per la ricerca epidemiologica- AIE

Giuseppe Bruno
  Percentage of victims in relation to the total number of people with new influences: 0,003


1. As we have always repeated in Italy the mortality of this influence is overwhelmingly lower than the rest of the world where it is around 0.4%

2. As we pointed out other times there are other data that we characterize than the rest of the world: report cases in intensive care / hospital cases, "surprisingly high"
241/489 = 0.49 In the rest around the world is at 0.10, in countries with territorial system in cui il filtro territoriale è altamente efficiente si arriva allo 0,20 (fino ad ora record assoluto: UK); Questo rapporto è l'indicatore più importante per ricavare una stima attendibile del numero di polmoniti virali che necessitano della rianimazione.

3. La stima del ministero assume un tasso di necessità del ricovero in rianimazione di 1:10.000
da noi dunque circa il 50% casi ospedalizzati (polmoniti virali) finisce in rianimazione.
Deduzioni:
a) viral pneumonia - one of two things: either a virus circulating in Italy with different characteristics from the rest of the world "very bad" or report cases to the ICU / hospitalized cases provided by the ministry is wrong.
b) The Italian mortality - one of two things: either a virus in Italy is extremely mild or estimate provided by the Ministry of the denominator is clearly wrong. See our previous post

Conclusions
In the language of the law would say "the conjunction of deductions and b" leads to an obvious contradiction of the kind of virus circulating in Italy (with respect to all the rest of the world): a virus with the most extraordinary and extraordinarily bad than good.

least we should ask the virologists account of this double feature of viral population of our country ... alternative reading: a clear "communication error" the data provided.
should note in passing that in our letter to Doctor and Child, the number of viral pneumonia that was possible estimate of 1:1000.
When the ratio of cases in intensive care / hospitalized cases in Italy was in line with international literature data obtainable Italian doctors could get a very useful data for their clinical practice. According data instead of the ministry can get more data ...
You choose which ones are reliable

Pippo Bruno
Salvo Fedele

Appendix: available places in Intensive Care
There is another small as to be this moment should be monitored: the percentage of ICU beds occupied by patients with swine flu.

resources are not unlimited: it is almost impossible for the resuscitation of a warm Italian can go beyond 10% of their availability. Apart from that roof will not be able to go con molta facilità, in particolare per rianimazioni che hanno larghi bacini di utenza e debbono gestire tante gravi emergenze in contemporanea.
Ad un certo punto il numero di soggetti in rianimazione non crescerà più, questo non significherà che il tetto di gravità della malattia sarà stato raggiunto, significherà purtroppo che non ci saranno posti per accogliere tutte le richieste. A quel punto, senza la copertura di una buona campagna vaccinale, il numero assoluto di morti crescerà improvvisamente. Tenuto conto che il numero totale dei posti di Rianimazione in Italia è di 4250 l'indice di occupazione da swine flu è facile da ricavare:
241/4250 equivale a 5,90%, in crescita di un punto rispetto al dato della scorsa settimana. L'incremento della domanda però non sarà lineare

Sunday, November 22, 2009

How To Fix Cursor In Laptop

influenza mortality data in Italy and possible scenarios of pandemic

"La paura è una cosa strana, spesso senza alcun rapporto con il rischio reale di ciò che ci spaventa. Dopo i primi casi di swine flu in Messico, … la paura dei viaggi, ... i maialicidi, … adesso le paure si sono spostate dal timore per la malattia agli immaginari pericoli del vaccino." La
dr.ssa Harriet Hall
cerca di rispondere con fatti e dati verificabili alle irrazionali paure alimentate attraverso mail, blog, talk show, etc.
Ci prova anche se, come sta succedendo a tutti noi, ha la certezza che comunque intanto queste e nuove falsità continueranno a circolare e ad essere accettate acriticamente.
Per la velocità di trasmissione Pippo Bruno, da bravo epidemiologo, le chiama "gossip antivaccino" e non poteva trovare definizione più appropriata per l'alto R0 che ha personalmente verificato.
Interessanti anche alcuni interventi nel dibattito che segue il post. Chissà se si sarebbe eradicato il vaiolo se ci fosse stato internet, si chiede ad esempio uno dei partecipanti.
Maria Grazia Lunetta

Saturday, November 21, 2009

How Do I Remove Shoe Polish From My Window?

The point at November 21, 2009 Swine Flu Vaccine

Il 19 novembre il Ministero della Salute pubblica la circolare che finalmente definisce un sistema di sorveglianza riguardante le ospedalizzazioni and hospitalization in intensive care.
Surveillance of hospitalizations, of serious and complicated, and deaths of New Influenza Virus Influenza A (H1N1) ve survey of vaccine coverage for the pandemic vaccine
Update November 26, 2009 November 26, 2009 Circular
the same day, also publishes a circular which in addition to confirming some indications to treatment, ASL requires activation for distribution of antiviral drugs.
Distribution antiviral drugs to assist Territorial
Pippo Bruno
Joseph Bruno Create your badge




Friday, November 20, 2009

Free Online Toybox Plans

Fearmongering

link






Cari amici di M&B Sottopongo alla vostra attenzione un intervento che abbiamo collettivamente elaborato
(si vedano le firme nel pdf allegato)
, analizzando il messaggio che è scaturito dalla pubblicazione della nostra precedente lettera sull'influenza suina.


Ci rendiamo conto che la lunghezza dell'intervento è that does not make it easy to have it published in your book of letters. We would submit for your attention without any claim to request its publication.

We were interested but you know our thoughts, at least for the aspect that concerns the role of such a prestigious scientific journal of the Italian paediatricians and listened as yours. We live in an era when the definition of "source" scientific assume every day a "dimension increasingly blurred." Perhaps some of our observations may be helpful to continue to do your job so fruitful.

If you would feel good response from your magazine to write what you just refer to the URL in the text that you send may be viewed by everyone http://tinyurl.com/mb11rwebmorg
few days I will send a similar intervention in the editorial comment of George Tamburlini appeared on the same issue.
Many thanks and best wishes Salvo Fedele


messages to readers of our blog

We we do not like to disturb people with "viral email".
For our readers ask, however, point out with discretion and within their limited medical knowledge of this letter. We remember the link that leads directly to a downloadable pdf:
http://tinyurl.com/mb11rwe

bmorg


Sunday, November 8, 2009

Electric Box Solutions

Brazil, foreign direct investment incurred in the first six months of 2009


n un momento di crisi, il grande potenziale del mercato brasiliano sta facendo gola a molte aziende estere. Ne è testimonianza the increase in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), in a time when the total investment in the economy is contracting. Between January and
May this year, arrived in Brazil, foreign investments amounted to 11.2 billion U.S. dollars for trade, agriculture, services and expansion of production capacity factories. Luis Alfonso Lima, president of the Brazilian Society for the Study of Multinational Enterprises and Economic Globalization (Sobeet) affirmed that this is the second most alta cifra di IDE degli ultimi dieci anni: è equivalente al volume registrato in ingresso nel paese durante i primi cinque mesi del 1999, momento con caratteristiche peculiari poiché che fu un anno di privatizzazioni e che attrasse grandi quantità di capitale estero. Le stime più attendibili, rilevate da un sondaggio effettuato dalla Banca Centrale, prevedono che per il 2009 gli IDE arrivino a 25 miliardi di dollari. Anche secondo la Sobeet, se l’ingresso di IDE continuasse a questo ritmo, il totale dovrebbe superare i 25 miliardi di dollari entro quest’anno.
Pur inferiore al record di 45 miliardi di dollari raggiunto nel 2008, se verrà confermata la proiezione per il 2009, l’investimento estero nel paese sarà il sesto maggiore dal 1947 (epoca in cui la Banca Centrale ha cominciato a raccogliere i dati) e il quarto più consistente di questi ultimi dieci anni, malgrado la crisi.
Da quanto si può notare, nel breve periodo vi è stato un forte aumento degli investimenti diretti esteri. A gennaio, per esempio, il flusso degli IDE era al di sotto del 60% rispetto a quanto registrato nello stesso mese del 2008. Tale differenza a maggio è poi scesa a meno del 20%. Quello verificatosi all’inizio dell’anno può considerarsi un arresto tecnico degli IDE; infatti a causa della crisi finanziaria internazionale le aziende multinazionali si sono concentrate nei loro rispettivi paesi di origine per assestare i bilanci. Passata la fase più acuta crisis, these companies have begun to invest in Brazil in search of a potential market.
The multinationals are interested in the long run, because the profit margins are becoming smaller, in more economically advanced country markets.
For example, animated by the potential of the Brazilian market, in the middle of last year the Korean company LG has started to invest in the production of notebooks in Taubaté, State of Sao Paulo. Initially, in June, production stood at 3,000 units, but in December was already increased to 15,000 units. The manager of the Korean house, Fernando Fraga, said that his company expects to close the year with 200,000 notebook products; this figure would make Brazil the second largest market in the world for the LG. The Pirelli, with its new program of heavy investment in the country, shows that Brazil is undoubtedly in a position of supremacy among the major economic powers of South America. Even for the same companies in Mexico, Brazil has become a center of investment. Following the crisis in the U.S., despite the strong economic ties, the Mexican companies are directing investments towards the South American giant. The reason given by Mendizábal Patricio, president of the Mexican Entrepreneurial in Brazil, is that "the crisis here feels less than in other countries."

Community Service Sheets

Pernambuco State Development Program - PRODEP




Incentives are consolidated in the State of Pernambuco Development Program (PRODEP) and provisions of the ICMS general laws of the State. PRODEP is a platform for the attraction of companies based on economic vocations Pernambuco, a differentiated state, in the northern region of the country, because of its privileged logistics, the concentration of human capital and its diversified economy, with a significant proportion of targeted with modern services, with particular attention to the Information Technology hub of medical services and retail.

The main attractions of the state - that are the basis for PRODEP, sono i seguenti:
centrale e strategica posizione geografica, con un raggio di influenza di trenta milioni di consumatori nella regione nord-orientale. Recife è equidistante dagli altri due grandi mercati regionali, Fortaleza e Salvador. Suape Port Industrial Complex, con una capacità di attirare le navi fino a 150 mila TPB, un percorso naturale per i porti importanti negli Stati Uniti, Europa, Africa e America Latina;
le migliori infrastrutture di trasporto nella regione, con una rete autostradale con 5.000 km di strade asfaltate, 1.000 km di linee ferroviarie e l'aeroporto internazionale con il traffico più grande della regione nord-orientale.
consolidata base produttiva, responsabile per il 20% del PIL del Nord-Est, in aggiunta alle risorse umane più qualificate della regione, con ottimi indici di produttività e di una forte tradizione industriale. Prodepe benefici sono le seguenti: 1.2 - time to pay ICMS in import of machinery and equipment for the ongoing activities of the work unit at its desincorporation. The benefit also applies to internal operations and the operations of interstate, as regards the difference between the motorway and the internal rate; 1.3 - deferred to the next exit, pay ICMS of the electric power generated by a power plant, internal operations; 1.4 - the state has offered to consider a request for deferral ICMS most important acquisitions of raw materials, to pay normal tax year following the exit.

Import Trading Unit
The state provides as the basis of Pernambuco Development Program - PRODEP for the import trade to trade 'wholesale products from abroad, the following advantages:

a) seven years fruition

b) extension of the ICMS on imports;

c) the claim alleged, at the next exit, with the following percentages:

for internal operations:

the planting of new businesses in the State;
6% the amount of import, when the rate is above 7% and less than or equal to 12%;
8% of the import, when the rate exceeds 12% but less or equal to 17%, 10% of import
, when the rate exceeds 25%. On interstate transactions
:

Presumed credit of 47.5% of the amount of the operation.
3 - Distribution Center

Tenders state, based on the Program Development Pernambuco - PRODEP, distribution centers, wholesalers or characterized as a branch of an industry to buy its products directly from the manufacturer or producer located in another unit of the Federation, the following advantages:

a) in the case of removal operations, a credit equal to 3% of the estimated total expenses of which promoted the distribution center;

in the case of transactions entered through the transfer of assets from an industrial society is in another unit of the Federation, an alleged claim an amount equal to 3% of the transfer.

The granting of incentives through decrees by the executive branch provides legal certainty and transparency of the program.

In addition to the above benefits, the companies being installed in Pernambuco can count on the financing of the investments and managed financial and tax incentives from the federal government, namely:

by BNDES (Brazilian Development Bank) - the financing of fixed investment and working capital, • by BNDES (Brazilian Development Bank) - to finance fixed investment and working capital;
by Banco do Nordeste (Bank of North-East) - to finance fixed investment and working capital through the transfer of resources from BNDES, which is the transfer agent, or through FNE - Constitutional Fund resources for the Northeast.
Several municipalities have their own state policies of tax incentives that reduce the ISS (tax on services) and IPTU (Tax on Urban Land and Property) burden.

Companies interested in tax incentives by the State must compile a guide for the presentation of the project for presentation to the joint examination by the technical teams of AD / Diper (Pernambuco Economic Development Agency) e SEFAZ (Segreteria delle Finanze).

Da tale esame, un parere congiunto delle due squadre coinvolte è stato rilasciato e sarà presentato al comitato direttivo di PRODEPE, composto dai segretari seguenti: sviluppo economico, turismo e sport, finanze, e della Scienza e della Tecnologia, e anche della AD / Diper Presidente. In tale riunione, i pareri sono valutate e raccomandate o meno per l'approvazione finale da parte CONDIC - Stato di Pernambuco industriale, Commercio e Servizi per lo sviluppo del Consiglio.

CONDIC L'incontro è aperto al pubblico. Dopo la loro approvazione, le decisioni Condic sono pubblicate mediante la sua risoluzione e il processo è trasmesso governor's office for the publication of the decree granting the company specific.

Further information: Economic Development Agency

Pernambuco

Phone: (55 81) 3217-7338 / 3217-7300

Website: www.addiper.pe.gov.br

E-mail: @ addiper addiper. pe.gov.br







Wednesday, November 4, 2009

Humorous Marriage Invitation Wording

by the National Assembly in Bologna on 31/10


November 25 is the International Day against male violence against women.

Since 2007, we women, girls, feminists and lesbians take to the streets, and many joined to denounce a political culture and a sexist, violent and degrading.

THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY women, lesbians and feminists, held in Bologna, October 31, 2009, recognized the importance and desirability of doing so again this year and decided to join the national demonstration in Rome issued on November 28 and the event opened at Montalto di CASTRO November 29.

Male violence against women and lesbians has many faces and is practiced in many places in the house first, in the streets, at work.

We feel therefore the need to return to the streets and we do it:

- remembering that most of the violence takes place in the family and that the policies cover the nepotistic and favor;

- Fighting a crucial battle, but not obvious, for the inviolability of the body and the defense of our physical or mental integrity;

- angry because in 30 years' trial for rape, "we're still us and our conduct under indictment for the violence we experience, as happens in Montalto di Castro and processes in Bologna and elsewhere

- identifying violence against lesbians not only as lesbofobia (phobia, fear that is) but as hatred toward people who are fleeing to ' compulsory heterosexuality;

-countering the spread of an increasingly violent, macho culture that persecutes anyone who does not abide by the modello di normalità, siano lesbiche, trans o omosessuali;

- rifiutando l'uso politico e commerciale del corpo delle donne;

- ricordando che l’espulsione delle donne dal mercato del lavoro e il loro confinamento nel precariato toglie indipendenza economica e autonomia;

- denunciando una violenza istituzionale che si manifesta nello scarso stanziamento di fondi ai centri antiviolenza, in sentenze sessiste, nella indifferenza per la violenza che avviene tra le mura domestiche, i cui colpevoli troppo spesso restano impuniti;

- riaffermando il principio di laicità e denunciando un patriarcato religioso che trova eco e sostegno in partiti e istituzioni;

- vigilando affinché nuovi e vecchi fascismi, che sempre hanno oppresso la donna richiamandola al suo ruolo di moglie e madre alle dipendenze dell’uomo, non si diffondano, azzerando memoria e libertà femminili;

- rifiutando il razzismo crescente che si manifesta nelle leggi, nei respingimenti di donne e uomini immigrati, nel rifiuto dello status di rifugiato per persecuzioni di genere, negli abusi e violenze, soprattutto verso donne, dentro i Centri di Identificazione ed Espulsione;

- contrastando la logica della paura e dicendo no tanto agli stupratori quanto alle ronde dei giustizieri;

DICIAMO STOP AL FEMMINICIDIO

per dire basta a ogni violenza fisica, psicologica, economica nei confronti delle donne e lesbiche, e per dire basta alla loro strumentalizzazione ed esclusione dallo spazio pubblico, politico, mediatico, istituzionale.

Riconoscendo il lavoro della Rete Sommosse e le varie e diverse pratiche delle singole donne, delle associazioni e dei gruppi presenti, le donne, femministe e lesbiche dell’Assemblea nazionale invitano tutte a manifestare a Roma e a Montalto di Castro ed a portare in piazza ed in ogni dove, continue ed instancabili, rabbia indignazione forza e intelligenza per contrastare chi vuole impoverire e controllare le nostre vite per arricchire le proprie.

Bologna, October 31, 2009